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Please post your chapter summaries in this format No bold No bold No bold
 * Chapter Number _**
 * Brief description of the plot:**
 * Characters in the Chapter:**
 * Notable passages (including page number):**

1. His intention to writing the //The Jungle// was to aim at the American trusts, and for it to be an indictment of the evils of unchecked capitalism. As quoted from the Introduction in //The Jungle//, "I aimed at the public's heart, and by accident I hit it in the stomach." People were suprised and angered of how the food was really prepared.SInclair had inteded to argue socialiasm and how that is important, and ti turned into an expose of hte meat industry. 2. This is called a protest novel because there is a socialist agenda that is pushed in the novel; this is an example of protest fiction due to the storyline that comes along with the intended "agenda". 3. The book prompted the implementation of the Pure Food and Drug Act of 1906. 4. The writer of the Introduction comments saying that //The Jungle// is just as powerful today as it was 100 years ago, mainly due to the the issues touched in the novel and that these issues are still unresolved today. One of the criticisms that the writer offers appears when comparing //The Jungle// to //Uncle Tom's Cabin//. The writer comments saying that //Uncle Tom's Cabin// was a novel that spurred abolitionists into increased activity, while he says that //The Jungle// took place in a time where Naturalism was the dominant literary mode, thus not creating as big of an impact as Harriet Beecher Stowe's novel. 5. The importance of the book was to show that Capitalism is corrupt and that all of the different monopolies caused pain to society. Due to these trusts, almost all of the population had poor living and work conditions and struggled to live day by day. The message of the book besides to show how gruesome and unsanitary the meat factories were, was that capitalism is the root to all of the problems in the early 20th century society. 6. Mike Scully: A democrat, he cheated the elections and got the republicans to win the vote; a very wealthy man. Jack Duane: Jurgis's cellmate. He is a very ‘accomplished’ man and Jurgis looks up to him. He is rebellious and passionate, not proud, and a man of the world and a good-hearted. He and Jurgis banded together after they both got out of jail and led lives of crime. Tommy Hinds: Jurgis's boss at the hotel, a fellow Comrade in Socialism. He loves to talk and spread the ideals of Socialism. Bubbly Creek- arm of hte Chicago River, and forms the southern boundary of the yards. Packingtown: A town where JUrgis lived and worked in his first factory Dr. Schliemann- A spokesperson for socialism. He tells a magazine editor all the pro-socialism points, and tells all the authors that are anti-socialism. Madame Haupt- A lady who helps attend to pregnant Ona while Jurgis goes to the bar. 7. Why did Jurgis and Ona come to America? The two brought their family to America because they were seeking financial comfort. In Lithuania they lost their farm and were in debt. They had herd of an old friend who made a fortune in America and they believed wages to be better than in Lithuania. They wanted to live comfortable in a land of opportunity. 8. He takes capitalism to task in the process of Jurgis buying a house because Sinclair talks how there were hidden expenses that Jurgis didn't know about: Insurance, Water, and Tax money. This is like capitalism because it shows that even when you buy a house there can be corruption; the different taxes was something that Jurgis didn't know about, and he feels like he is being robbed for the taxes. This is much like the sly capitalistic society that "steals" the money from the hard working employees and gets put into the bosses' pockets. 9. He attacks Mr. Connor, who had been taking advantage of Ona. The Jail has very similar conditions to that of the slaughter house; squalid, dark, depressing, and constraining. He is in jail for a week. He is blacklisted because he attacked Mr. Connor, who in turn has the other managers in Packingtown reject Jurgis. 10. The cows sometimes break free before being slaughtered, in the calamity of the killing room Jurgis sprains his ankle and is unable to walk for about 3 months. His next job is at a steel mill when the fiancé of the superintendent writes him a letter of recommendation. Though it is very dangerous at the steel place, the conditions are better and he doesn't fear losing his job. 11. When Jurgis return home at the end of the week one time, he comes home to find out his son, Antanas, has drowned in the muck of the streets. 12. Jack is name or term that Americans use to call immigrants and unskilled workers in Packingtown. The meeting was sort of a wake up call for Jurgis, he was so into the speech that his voice was gone because he couldn’t shout anymore. The speaker gives Jurgis confidence that he can do something and that he has the power. Jurgis realizes that there are so many others that are in a similar situation to his but yet he still is part of the economic system. Jurgis feels like he has regained his voice. 13. An anarchist was one who believed that the end of human existence was the free development of every personality, unrestricted by laws save those of its being. His ideas were very philosophical, so he labeled himself as a philosophical anarchist.. The Appeal was the socialist newspaper that conveyed different socialist movements, comments, and ideas both of comical and serious interest. After joining the socialists Jurgis realized that workers were only the citizens of industry, and the Socialist movement was the expression of their will to survive. He began to fully believe in socialism and learned about how many people not believing in it.
 * Questions:**

Here the background is provided for why Jurgis and his family came to America. Their family was having money problems and they knew of friends who had been successful in America. They decided things would be better in America and began to work so they could come to a better life. Jurgis was a determined, strong, and focused man. He worked hard to help his family. When the family finally made it to America, they found the old friend. He wasn’t as successful as they thought and learned quickly America was not what it was thought to be. The family moved into a boarding house and began to discover what life would be like for them in America. The smell, the sound, and the sights were awful and they were living on “made land”, or garbage dumps.
 * Chapter 2**
 * Description:**

Jurgis- Obedient, energetic, impatient, restless, young, quiet, did not lose his temper or drink, strong, powerful, and a family man. Jurgis was determined to help his family and so he worked non-stop to make money to move to America. Once he arrived in America he set to get a job and help his family. He always put his wife first and wanted the best. Jonas- Teta Elzbieta’s brother. Encourages the family to move to America. Dede Antanas Rudku- Jurgis’s dad. Travels with the family but cannot get a job because of age. Marija Berczynskas- Ona’s cousin. She has troubles with her job in Lithuania and so she travels with the family. She is a strong woman and has faith on herself. Jokubas Szedvilas- The old friend of Jonas. He owns a delicatessen in Packingtown and is having trouble financially.
 * Characters:**

“In that country, rich or poor, man was free, it was said; he did not have to go into the army, he did not have to pay out his money to rascally officials- he might do as he pleased, and count himself as good as any other man. So America was a place of which loves and young people dreams. If one could only manage to get the price of passage, he could count his troubles at an end” (pg 23).
 * Notable Passages:**

“A full hour before the party reached the city they had begun to not the perplexing changes in the atmosphere. It grew darker all the time, and upon the earth the grass seemed to grow less green. Every minute, as the train sped on, the colors of things became dingier; the fields were grown parched and yellow, the landscape hideous and bare…. The new emigrants were still tasting it, lost in wonder, when suddenly the car came to a halt, and the door was flung open, and a voice shouted- ‘stockyards!’” (pg 25-26)

“This too like, like the color, was a thing elemental; it was a sound, a sound made up of ten thousand little sounds. You scarcely noticed it at first- it sank into your consciousness, a vague disturbance, a trouble. It was like the murmuring of the bees in the spring, the whisperings of the forest; it suggested endless activity, the rumblings of a world in motion. It was only by an effort that one could realize that it was made by animals, that it was the distant lowing of ten thousand cattle, the distant grunting of ten thousand swine” (pg 26-27).

“The line of the buildings stood clear-cut and black against the sky; here and there our of the mass rose the great chimneys, with the river of smoke streaming away to the end of the world. It was study in colors now, this smoke; in the sunset light it was black and brown and gray and purple. All the sordid suggestions of the place were gone- in the twilight it was a vision of power. To the two who stood watching while the darkness swallowed it up, it seemed a dream of wonder, with its tale of human energy, of things being done, of employment for thousands upon thousands of men, of opportunity and freedom, of life and love and joy” (pg 31). **** Summary: ** Everything seems to be getting better in Chapter four, Jurgis is becoming much more optimistic. He starts his job of sweeping entrails from the slaughtered cattle. This job pays about two dollars for a day of labor, which is approximately 12 hours. Jurgis sees this as a very good situation. Jonas is still searching for a job, and Marija keeps her old job of painting labels on cans, which is also about two dollars a day. Jurgis still refuses to let Teta, Ona, or any of the children work. Dede Antanas still cannot find a job. The family finds a sale for a home, but when they visit it, they are all disappointed. They were expecting a big nice house, but instead it was not that big and kind of run down. Everyone thought they were getting ripped off, yet Ona and Teta closed the deal. Jurgis was furious when he came home and heard this, because the house was also written as a “rental” and he wanted to buy it. Jurgis went and cleared things up with Szedvilas, who went and helped the family negotiate for the house, and discovered that it was only called a “rental” till he paid all the payments. Jurgis Marija Ona Teta Elzibieta Dede Antanas Szedvilas **“**Their good luck, they felt, had given them the right to think about a home; and sitting out on the doorstep that summer evening, they held consultation about it, and Jurgis took occasion to broach a weighty subject” (46) “Then let any one imagine their dismay when, after half an hour, they came in with a lawyer, and heard him greet the agent by his first name!” (53) “It was a sweltering day in July, and the place ran with steaming hot blood- one waded in it on the floor. The stench was almost overpowering, but to Jurgis it was nothing. His whole soul was dancing with joy- Jurgis it was nothing!” (44)
 * Chapter 4
 * Characters: **
 * Quotes: **

Chapter 3 Summary Taken on a visual tour by Jakobus of Packingtown, we learn the unsanitary conditions of the meat packing industry and how difficult it was to be a worker there. Some of the animals were not inspected for the tuberculosis disease although the government inspectors were supposed to check for it. We get the sense of how big the factory was and how dirty it was. We are informed of what the process was for the disassembly line and how immoral it was for the animals to be slaughtered. On the visual tour of the place, the shrieks of the animals are described with great emotion and visual imagery of how the process is inhumane.

Characters in the Chapter: Jokubas Jonas Antanas Jurgis Teta Elzbieta

Notable passages (including page number): “One could not stand and watch very long without becoming philosophical… But I’m not a hog.” – pp. 37-38

In this chapter, they got their home and would pay it off paycheck by paycheck. They also bought furnature; when they bought the furnature, Jurgis thought that they were cheated out of some of their items. Their living conditions were poor, they only had 1 bed and the children would sleep on the matress on the floor. They didn't have everyday luxiouries including food: they used lard instead of butter when they used spread on their bread. Jurgis was suprised when he found out that people that worked in the factories hated their work. Jurgis was urged by a fellow worker to join the union, but he declined, he didn't want anything to do with the union. At work, Jurgis learned that there were always people that were waiting for him to fail. People watched and waited for any slip-ups comming from workers, and these secretive individuals would report what they had seen or heard to their boss, who would then take care of that worker. Marija was working for one of the independent packers, and Jonas got a job of pushing trucks loaded with hams from smoke rooms to an elevator. Jurgis's job was to butcher the cows.
 * Chapter 5**
 * Description:**

Tamoszius Kuszleika- He was one of Jurgis's first friends he made at work; he folded hides on the killing beds. Jadvyga Marcinkus- Marija's friend, she told Marija how she took an Irishwoman's job and that she worked at the packing company for over fifteen years.
 * Characters:**

"He was quite dismayed when he first began to find out--that most of the men //hated// their work" (71).
 * Notable Passages:**

"...Women and little children would fall to cursing about it; it was rotten, rotten as hell--everything was rotten. When Jurgis would ask them what they meant, they would begin to get suspicious and content themselves with saying, 'Never mind, you stay here and see for yourself'" (72).

"Here was Durham's, for instance, owned by a man who was trying to make as much money out of it as he could, and did not care in the least how he did it; and underneath him, ranged in ranks and grades like an army, were managers and superintendents and foremen, each one driving the man next below him and trying to squeeze out of him as much work as possible. And all the men of the same rank were pitted against each other; the accounts of each were kept separately, and every man lived in terror of losing his job, if another made a better record than he" (74).

"When he came home that night he was in a very somber mood, having begun to see at last how those might be right who had laughed at him for his faith in America" (78).

**Brief description of the plot:** An old Lithuanian neighbor, Grandmother Majauszkiene, tells the family that the house they just bought was a scam. She and her son were lucky enough to outsmart the broker and make payments until she owned the house. She explains that the houses are very old and that they were built with the cheapest materials. No one is able to buy the houses because even missing one month’s payment means eviction. The family is astonished to learn that they have to pay interest on their debt, adding seven dollars to the original cost of $12. Grandmother Majauszkiene came to Packingtown when the work force was mostly German. The Irish took the Germans’ place, and now the Slovaks are moving in and etc. The companies grind down and wear out successive generations of immigrant workers. Illness and injuries causes family to lose work and then lose their homes. Ona bribes a forelady with $10 and obtains a job sewing covers on hams in a cellar. Stanislovas lies about his age and to obtain a job working a lard-canning machine, to assist the family. **Characters in the Chapter:** Jurgis Rudkus   – Ona’s husband, a very diligent and strong worker. Hisonyl response to difficulties and problems is “I will work harder”. He must give up philosophy of only having males work in order to make ends meet. Ona Lukoszaite  **  –  **  Jurgis’ husband, rattled with debt from the wedding, is forced to take on a job to assist the family. Grandmother Majauszkiene   – old Lithuanian, tells Rudkus’ of the terrible dealings in Packingtown. One of the few immigrants to successfully survive the deceit of Packingtown. Teta Elzbieta Lukoszaite  **  –  **  Ona’s step mother, holds old traditions and values close to heart. Dede Antanas Rudku  **  –  **  Jurgis’ father, very old and unable to assist the family very much. Like Teta, believes in old traditions. Marija Berczynskas  **  –  **  Ona’s cousin, asists with money problems. Jonas  **  –  **  Teta’s brother, able to assist with money problems along with Marija Stanislovas Lukoszaite   – Teta’s young boy. He gets a job at the end of the chapter in order to help the family survive.
 * Chapter Number 6- Sam **

“They must not give up what was right for a little money- if they did, the money would never do them any good, they could depend on that” (64). >This passage comes in response to canceling a //veselija//, an old ceremony. Even though it was a very expensive ceremony, Elzbieta holds firm that they must have the ritual. “They had fooled the company, however, for her son was a skilled man, who made as high as a hundred dollars a month, and as he had had sense enough not to marry, they had been able to pay for the house” (65). “Who there was poorer and more miserable than the Slovaks, Grandmother Majauszkiene had no idea, but the packers would find them, never fear. It was easy to bring them, for wages were really much higher, and it was only when it was too late that the poor people found out that everything else was higher too” (66). “Very often a man could get no work in Packingtown for months, while a child could go and get a place easily; there was always some new machine, by whihch the packers could get as much work out of a child as they had been able to get out of a man, and for a third of the pay” (68).
 * Notable passages (including page number): **

The family is in debt and having health issues. No one in the family can take off of work because they need the money and cannot lose their jobs. The winter is hard, and the weather is awful. It brings horrible things, including the death of Jurgis’s father, Dede Antanas. The culture around Saloons is described almost as a vacuum. The men can no longer resist the alcohol. Jurgis, however, stays strong for Ona. Ona herself is having trouble with the forelady at work. Jurgis loves Ona and wants to stay strong so he can protect her from the horrors of the life they are living. The cold is awful and winter is the worst time. There was no money, no food, and no heat.
 * Chapter 7**
 * Description:**

“It was a bitter and cruel experience, and it plunged them into an agony of despair. Such a time, of all times, for them to have it, when their hearts were made tender! Such a pitiful beginning it was for their married life; they loved each other so, and they could not have the briefest respite! It was a time when everything cried out to them that they ought to be happy; when wonder burned in their hearts, and leaped into flame at the slightest breath. They were shaken to the depths of them, with the awe of love realized- and was it so very weak of them that they cried out for a little peace? They had opened their hearts, like flowers to the springtime, and the merciless winter had fallen upon them. They wondered if every any love that had blossomed in the world had been so crushed and trampled!” (pg 77).

“The great corporation which employed you lied to you, and lied to the whole country- from top to bottom it was nothing but one gigantic lie” (pg 78).

“There is a poet who sings that ‘Deeper their heart grown and nobler their breathing, /Whose youth in the fires of anguish hath died.’ But it was not likely that he had the reference to the kind of anguish that comes with destitution, that is so endlessly bitter and cruel, and yet so sordid and petty, so ugly, so humiliating- unredeemed by the slightest touch of dignity or even of pathos. It is a kind of anguish that poets have not commonly dealt with, its very words are not admitted into the vocabulary of poets- the details of it cannot be told in polite society at all. How, for instance, could any one expect to excite sympathy among lovers of good literature by telling how a family found their home alive with vermin, and of all the suffering and inconvenience and humiliation they were put to, and the hard-earned money they spent, in efforts to get rid of them?” (pg 80-81)

“But all of the men understood the convention and drank; they believed that by it they were getting something for nothing- for they did not need to take more than one drink, and upon the strength of it they might fill themselves up with a good hot dinner… -and so a whole family would drift into drinking, as the current of a river drifts downstream. As if to complete the chain, the packers all paid their men in checks, refusing all requests to pay in coin; and where in Packingtown could a man go to have his check cashed but a saloon, where he could pay for the favor by spending a part of the money?” (pg 86-86)

“They would waken in the midnight hours, when everything was black; perhaps they would hear yelling outside, or perhaps there would be a deathlike stillness- and the would be worse yet. They could feel the cold as it crept in through the cracks, reaching out for them with its icy, death-dealing fingers; and they would crouch and cower, and try to hide from it, all in vain. It would come, and it would come, a grisly thing, a specter born in black caverns of terror, a power primeval, cosmic, shadowing the tortures of the lost souls flung out to chaos and destruction. It was cruel, iron-hard, and hour after hour they would cringe in its grasp, alone, alone. There would be no on to hear them if they cried out, there would be no help, no mercy. And so on until morning- when the would go out another day of toil, a little weaker, a little nearer to the time when it would be their turn to be shaken from the tree” (pg 87-88). Jurgis learns English! Jurgis is always attending unioin meetings, and he becomes a U.S. Citizen. He follows around this man at his plant, who is the one that urged him to be a citizen. Jurgis follows him even to the voting ballots, which ends up backfiring. Jurgis then later realizes he was tricked into a vote-buying scheme. He then talks with Mike Scully, a very wealthy democrat, about all the stories of Packington. HE learns of all the physical injuries, and diseases present in the meat selling industry. Jurgis Mike Scully “They had no authority beyond that; for the inspection of meat to be sold in the city and state the whole force in Packingtown consisted of three henchmen of the local Political machine!” (101) “ The people of Chicago saw the government inspectors in Packingtown, and they all took that to mean they were protected from diseased meat; they did not understand that these hundred and sixty-three inspectors had been appointed at the request of the packers…” (100)
 * Chapter 9 **
 * Summary: **
 * Characters: **
 * Quotes: **

Chapter 8 Summary

Tamoszuis, a musician in love with Marija, plans on marrying her however, is the jealous type. He takes her to his performances and she benefits from them receiving meals and some “delicacies” to take back home. She is also able to share interesting stories with the rest of her family. Marija worked in a can painting factory and was highly skilled at her job. She was better than other people whom worked with her however, the factory was closed and she lost her job around the time period in which she was planning her wedding with Tamoszuis. Jurgis attended union meetings periodically. Jurgis meets a man by the name of Tommy and fears his philosophies.

Characters in the Chapter: Tamoszuis Marija Old man Jones Tommy Finnegan

Notable passages (including page number): “Then there were other benefits accruing to Marija from this from this friendship… Tamoszuis was of an excitable temperament, and afflicted with a frantic jealousy.” Pg. 89

Description:** In the winter, the family had just enough money to live and pay their debts with. Jurgis's payments dropped nearly 50% and Marija is in desperate need for a job due to the closing of the canning factory. Come late spring, the canning factory reopened, but about a month after the reopening, Marija was fired for her verbal outrage. She was cheated out of her payments for three hundred cans and she didn't conform to the norms of the job where she would disregard the cans that she didn't get paid for, but she didn't understand this unspoken rule and she created a large disturbance at the work place. Marija was able to find a new job as a beef trimmer. She got this job because the boss noticed her large muscles that resembled the physique of a man, and that she would get paid only have of what was normally offered for men. Ona was dissatisfied with her work place due to the unfairness in the distribution of jobs. Miss Henderson would offer jobs to prostitutes for Ona's floor, and Miss Henderson didn't like Ona because she was living the life of a married woman. Ona later gives birth to a baby boy, who they named Antanas, after Jurgis's father.
 * Chapter 10

Miss Henderson- She is Ona's boss's mistress who helps in the hiring of many prostitutes on Ona's floor. She dislikes Ona because of her married life.
 * Characters:**

"Poor Marija could not have been more dumbfounded had the woman knocked her over the headl at first she could not believe what she heard, and then she grew furious and swore that she would come anyway, that her place belonged to her. In the end she sat down in the middle of the floor and wept and wailed" (128).
 * Notable Passages:**

"She had about made up her mind that she was a lost soul, when somebody told her of an opening, and she went and got a place as a 'beef trimmer.' She got this because the boss saw that she had the muscles of a man, and so he discharged a man and put Marija to do his work, paying her a little more than half what he had been paying before" (129).

"But there was no place a girl could go in Packingtown, if she was particular about things of this sort; there was no place in it where a prostitute could not get along better than a decent girl" (131).

"...only they did not show, as in the old slavery times, becauase there was no difference in color between master and slave" (132).

"Jurgis had never possessed anything nearly so interesting--a baby wasm when you came to think about it, assuredly a marvelous possession. It would grow up to be a man, a human soul, with a personality all its own, a will of its own!" (132).

"It was such a responsibility--they must not have the baby grow up to suffer as they had. And this indeed had been the first thing that Jurgis had thought of himself--he had clenched his hands and braced himself anwe for the struggle, for the sake of that tiny mite of human possibility" (133). **Brief description of the plot:** The Packingtown workers are rushed at grueling pace, as their wages are cut numerous times. Marija opens a bank account for her savings. One morning she (and many others) believe that there is a run on the bank. She waits for two days in the line before she can withdraw her money. When she discovers that there is no run on the bank, the clerk tells her if you withdrew your money you can not put it back in. Marija sews her savings into her clothing, which now weighs her down so that she fears sinking into the mud in the street as well as being mugged. In the calamity of the slaughterhouse Jurgis sprains his ankle; this puts the whole family in a difficult position since he brought home the most money. Everyone must contribute now. **Characters in the Chapter:** Jurgis Rudkus   – bed ridden from ankle injury, only up side is spending time with his son. Ona Lukoszaite  **  –  **  forced to brave the harsh weather and assist even more with the support of the family. Teta Elzbieta Lukoszaite  **  –  **  takes care of Jurgis and watches the children during the work day Marija Berczynskas  **  –  **  believes rumors quickly and withdraws all her money. **Notable passages (including page number):** “He had learned by this time that Packingtown was really not a number of firms at all, but one great firm, the Beef Trust. And every week the managers of it get together and compared notes, and there was one scale for all the workers in the yards and one standard efficiency. Jurgis was told that they also fixed the price they would pay for beef on the hood and the price of all dressed meat in the country; but that was something he did not understand or care about” (110). “Although Jurgis did not understand it all, he knew enough by this time to realize that it was not suppose to be right to sell your vote. However, as every one did it, and his refusal to join would not have made the slightest difference in the results, the idea o refusing would have seemed absurd, had it ever come into his head” (113) “They had always been accustomed to eat a great deal of smoked sausage, and how could they know that what they bought in America was not the same- that its color was made by chemicals, and its smoky flavor by more chemicals, and that it was full of ‘potato flour’ besides? Potato flour is the waste of potato after the starch and alcohol have been extracted; it has no more food value than so much wood, and as its use as a food adulterant is a penal offense in Europe, though of tons are shipped to America every year” (116). Spring has come, bringing hope. Then, Jurgis has an ankle injury and can no longer work. His spirit beings to diminish and he is frustrated and begins to lose his patience. His son, Antanas, keeps him happy. Stanislovas gets frostbite and his hands are permanently damaged, an uncommon thing in Packingtown. Jurgis has to beat the child everyday so he will go to work. Jonas goes missing and the family is in bad shape. They can no longer send all the children to school, so Nikalojus and Vilimas, Teta Elzibeta’s sons are sent to work selling papers. The have a rough start but soon being to bring steady money home.
 * Chapter Number 11- Sam **
 * Chapter 12**
 * Description:**

Stanislovas- On of Tete Elzibeta sons. Nikalojus and Vilimas- Sons on Tete Elzibeta.
 * Characters:**

“They say that the best dog will turn cross if he be kept chained all the time, and it was the same with the man; he had not a thing to do all day but lie and curse his fate, and the time came when he wanted to curse everything” (pg 127). “… but he had fallen in love, and so given hostages to fortune, and was doomed to be dragged down too” (pg 128).
 * Notable Passages:**

“She wondered if he cared for her as much as ever, if all this misery was not wearing out his love. She had to be away from him all the time, and bear her own troubles while he was bearing his, and then, when she came home, she was so worn out, and whenever they talked they had only their worries to talk of- truly it was hard, in such a life, to keep any sentiment alive. The woe of this would flame up in Ona sometimes- at night she would suddenly clasp her big husband in her arms and break into passionate weeping, demanding to know if her really loved her” (pg 130).

“The peculiar bitterness of all this was that Jurgis saw so plainly the meaning of it. In the beginning he had been fresh and strong, and he had gotten a job the first day, but now he was second-hand, a damaged article, so to speak, and they did not want him. They had gotten the best of him- they had worn him out, with their speeding-up and their carelessness, and now they had thrown him away!” (pg 131).

“The vast majority, however, were simply worn-out parts of the great merciless packing machine; they had toiled there, and kept up with the pace, some of then for ten or twenty years, until finally the time had come when they could not keep up with it any more” (pg 132).

“What happened to a man after any of these things, all depended on circumstance” (pg 132). This chapter is very tough, and the family is struggling with illness and relationships. The family finally knows and has learned all the bad secrets and horrors to the meat packing industry. Jurgis begins to go to the bar more, and drink much more heavily. Also Jurgis and Ona seem to be changing, and they fight more and get along less. Antanas suffers from the measles, and has just reached his first birthday. Ona is pregnant again, and develops a bad cough. Everyone is malnourished, and in need of food. Ona Dede Antanas Jurgis Marija “Jurgis, being a man, had troubles of his own. There was another specter following him. He had never spoken of it, nor would he allow any one else to speak of it- he had never acknowledged its existence to himself.” (145) “Even worse than that was the fearful nervousness from which she suffered; she would have frightful headaches and first of aimless weeping, and sometimes she would come home at night shuddering and moaning, and would fling herself down upon the bed and burst into tears.” (148)
 * Chapter 14 **
 * Summary: **
 * Characters: **
 * Quotes: **

Chapter 13 Summary

Teta Elzbieta’s crippled son, Kristoforas, dies after difgesting sauseges most likely contiminated with tuberculosis. Seeing as how he was crippled, it might have been a relief to rest of the family but it wasn’t for Teta. She loved him and let him slide with a lot of his complaining. She also borrowed money from Marija to give him a decent funeral since Jurgis did not want to help. Jurgis found a job at a fertilizer factory, however it begins to make him smell bad. Being unsuccessful at finding a job he had nothing left but to take the job at the fertilizing mill. As the season passes by, Teta’s two children, Vilimas and Nikalojus, begin to swear and pick up bad habits from the streets, so the family has no other choice but to send them back to school. However, the working conditions at the sausage factory worsen Teta’s health seeing as how her job requires repetitive motions.

Characters in the Chapter: Kistoforas Juozpas Kotrina Ona Vilimas and Nikalojus

Notable passages (including page number): “On top of this were the rooms where they dried the ‘tankage’… and filling the air with a choking dust that becomes a blinding sandstorm when the wind stirs.” Pg. 136

Description:** The winter season is coming, and the work days are increasing; the holidays require extra effort from all of the workers, such as fifteen or sixteen hours a day from Marija, Elzbieta, and Ona. One morning, Jurgis wakes up in his house to find that Ona had not come home from the previous night. Jurgis frantically goes searching in the snow for his wife. He finds her and she says that she went home with Jadvyga the previous night because the weather was so rough, Ona was very frightened while she was describing her previous night's events. Not too long after, Ona dissappears another night. The next morning, Jurgis goes to Jadvyga's house to see if Ona was alright, and he discovers that Ona had not slept over at Jadvyga's house, nor did she the first time she didn't come home. Jurgis, scared and angered towards Ona goes searching for her. He has no luck and returns home; to his suprise he finds Ona at home. Elzbieta tells Jurgis that he shouldn't interrupt Ona's sleeping because she is ill. Jurgis ignores her out of anger and questions Ona of her whereabouts of the previous night. After much effort in trying to hide what she did, she tells Jurgis that her boss Connor had threatened to ruin her whole family's life if she wouldn't sleep with him. Jurgis was filled with rage when she told him this statement, and he marched down to where Ona worked and threw a punch at Ona's assaulter. Jurgis was arrested for his actions.
 * Chapter 15

"...and Marija and Elzbieta and Ona, as part of the maching, began working fifteen or sixteen hours a day" (174).
 * Notable Passages:**

"It was as if he had struck a knife into her. She seemed to go all to pieces. For half a second she stood, reeling and swaying, staring at him with horror in her eyes; then, with a cry of anguish, she tottered forward, stretching out her arms to him. But he stepped aside, deliberately, and let her fall. She caught herself at the side of the bed, and then sank down, burying her face in her hands and bursting into frantic weaping" (182).

"In a flash he had bent down and sunk his teeth into the man's cheeck; and when they tore him away he was drippuing with blood, and little ribbons of skin were hanging in his mouth...But yet others rushed in, until there was a little mountain of twisted limbs and bodies, heaving and tossing, and working its way about the room. In the end, by their sheer weight, they choked the breath out of him..." (188). **Brief description of the plot:** Jurgis is arrested and taken to jail after beating Mr. Connor, where old men and boys, hardened criminals and petty criminals, innocent men and guilty men share the same squalid quarters. A date is assigned for Jurgis’s trial and his bond is set at three hundred dollars. Afterward, he is taken to the county jail and made to strip and walk, naked, down a hallway past the inmates, who leer and make comments. He is put into a small cell. Upon hearing a clanging of bells, Jurgis realizes that it is Christmas Eve. He remembers the last Christmas, when he and Ona walked along the street with the children and stared in amazement at the food and toys in the store windows(which they couldn’t buy). He begins to cry when he thinks of his family spending Christmas without him as well as Ona’s illness. He grieves his family’s situation and feels that the Christmas chimes are making a mocking of him. He takes on all the blame for the family’s situation, and destroys himself over their destitute lifestyle. **Characters in the Chapter:** Jurgis Rudkus   – put in jail for beating Ona’s molester Pat ‘growler’ Callahan- judge over Jurgis’ case… looks down on immigrants. **Notable passages (including page number):** “ It was their one hope of respite, as long as they lived; they had put all their money into it- and they were working people, poor people, whose money was their strength, the very substance of them, body and soul, the thing by which they lived and for lack of which they died” (155). “That was their law, that was their justice!... left its young to die?” (160). Description:** Jurgis is in jail waiting for trail when he meets Jack Duane, his new cell mate. The two engage in conversation about their lives and Jurgis looks up to Jack and he believe he is an educated man. They part ways before the trail, which does not go well for Jurgis. Kotrina and Teta Elzibeta are there, frightened, but Jurgis cannot see them. He testifies, but the judge believes his story generic and sentences him thirty days and a fine. Jurgis is moved to Bridewell prison where he breaks stone every day. He gets a visit from Stanislovas to hear that things are terrible at home. The women have lost their jobs, there is no money, Marjia has blood poisoning, Ona stays in bed all day, he himself lost his job, Connor is preventing them from finding new work, and they have no income.
 * Chapter Number 16- Sam **
 * Chapter 17

Jack Duane- Jurgis's cellmate. He is a very ‘accomplished’ man and Jurgis looks up to him. He is rebellious and passionate, not proud, and a man of the world and a good-hearted
 * Characters:**

Kotrina- One of Teta Elzibeta’s daughters.

“… He, too, had felt the world’s injustice, but instead of bearing it patiently, he had struck back, and struck hard. He was striking all the time- there was war between him and society. He was a genial freebooter, living off the enemy, without fear or shame. He was not always victorious, but then defeat did not mean annihilation, and need not break his spirit” (pg 173-174).
 * Notable Passages:**

“This wasn’t a world in which a man had any business with a family…” (pg 174)

“Our friend had caught now and then a whiff from the sewers over which he lives, but this was the first time that he had ever been splashed by their filth. This jail was a Noah’s ark of the city’s crime… All life had turned to rottenness and stench in them- love was a beastliness, joy was a snare, and God was an imprecation” (pg 175).

“Into this wild-beast tangle these men had been born without their consent, they had taken part in it because they could not help it; that they were in jail was no disgrace to them, for the game had never been fair, the dice were loaded. They were swindlers and thieves of pennies and dimes, and they had been trapped and put out of the way but the swindlers and thieves of millions of dollars” (pg 175). Jurgis asks Madame Haupt, a Dutch lady in the apartment, to attend to Ona while he is out at the bar. At first Haupt wants a lot of money, 25 dollars, but as she learns Jurgis does not have that kind of money, she settles for a dollar and a quarter. Jurgis leaves and goes to the bar, but when he comes back tragedy has struck. Haupt is covered in blood, and telling Jurgis that the baby is dead and Ona is dying. He runs to Ona to help, but then she dies. Jurgis is very upset and depressed by this, and he is also worried about Katrina, because she is still gone. Katrina comes home admitting that she was selling papers and gives Jurgis 3 dollars. Madame Haupt Jurgis Ona Kotrina Marija Aniele “Then they escorted her to the ladder, and Jurgis heard her give an exclamation of dismay. ‘Gott in Himmel, vot for haf you brought me to a place like dis? I could not climb up dot ladder. I could not git troo a trap door! I vill not try it-vy, I might kill myself already. Vot sort of a place Is dot for a woman to bear a child in-up in a garret, mit only a ladder to it? You ought to be ashamed of yourselves!’ Jurgis stood in the doorway and listened to her scolding, half drowning out the horrible moans and screams of Ona.” (196) “Dead! Dead! And she was only a girl, she was barely eighteen! Her life had hardly begun- and here she lay murdered- mangled, tortured to death!” (202)
 * Chapter 19 **
 * Summary: **
 * Characters: **
 * Quotes: **

Chapter 18 Summary

Jurgis was unable to go home and had to remain in jail for three more days. He was unable to cover the costs of his trial. When released, he had to walk home to Packingtown in bad weather. When he gets home, he discovers that there is a different family living in his house. Grandma Majauskiene informs him that his family was unable to pay to the rent so were evicted by the owner and within a week found new people to rent to. He receives their new address in the boarding house where they first stayed when they arrived in Chicago. He reflects on how his family has been treated unjustly and can’t help but feel sorry and bad for his family. However, when he reaches the Boarding House he hears Ona screaming badly and in need off help. She is delivering the baby however, she is having it prematurely. Unable to hear her in pain, he asks for money from the people in the kitchen to get help for her. place to the Ona ready to give birth. He hears he cries and scraps up money for a doctor.

Characters in the Chapter: Grandmother Majauskiene Aniele Jukniene Dede Antanas Mrs. Olszewski

Notable passages (including page number): “Marija went on to tell how she tried to find a mid-wife…and there is nothing more we can do—” pg. 192

Description:** Jurgis tries to find new jobs in the city and has terrible luck. His efforts in finding a job require him to have some money that he could afford a place to stay and food while searching; he recieves his money from his children. He reflects on his time spent with Ona, remembering the days back in Lithuania. He dealt with his grief by drinking. He went to Durham's fertilizer mill to try to get his job back, but he was unsuccessful at doing so. He tried to get another job from a foreman at Jones's bick packing plant. The foreman said that he would give Jurgis a trial the next day; Jurgis was so exceited that he went home that night and had a celebration with his family. The next morning when he went to work the foreman told him that he couldn't hire him. Jurgis learned that he was on a secret black list in every office in all of the big cities; all due to him attacking Phil Connor. Even though he was on the secret list, Jurgis was able to get a job thanks to an old-time aquaintance at the Harvester Trust; his new job seemed like a new heaven to him. Much to Jurgis's dismay, one afternoon he sees a placard on the door of his building that said that the Harvester works would be closed until further notice.
 * Chapter 20

"Perhaps he ought to have meditated upon the hunger of the children, and upon his own baseness; but he thought only of Ona, he gave himself up again to the luxury of grief" (235).
 * Notable Passages:**

"They had him on a secret list in every office, big and little, in the place. They had his name by this time in St. Louis and New York, in Omaha and Boston, in Kansas City and St. Joseph. He was condemned and sentenced, without trial and without appeal" (239).

"If we are the greatest nation the sun ever shone upon, it would seem to be mainly because we have been able to goad our wage-earners to this pitch of frenzy; though there are a few other thingks that are great among us, including our drink bill, which is a billion and a quarter of dollars a year, and doubling itself every decade" (243). **Brief description of the plot:** The only thing that keeps the family from starvation while Jurgis spends more than ten days looking for another job are the childrens low wages. Jouzapas, Teta Elzbieta’s crippled child, goes to the local dump to find food. A rich woman (social worker) finds him there and asks him about his life. After hearing the tragic life of the family, she visits them at the boardinghouse. Shocked at the destitute life in which they live, she resolves to find Jurgis a job. She writes a letter of recommendation for Jurgis, who goes to the mill and gets himself hired. The mill is too far for Jurgis to return to the boardinghouse during the week, so he travels home only on Sundays. He loves his son immensely. Antanas’s first attempts to speak delight Jurgis. Jurgis begins to read the Sunday paper with the help of the children and begins a livable routine. But he returns to the boardinghouse one day only to discover that in a freak accident Antanas has drowned in the mud in the streets. **Characters in the Chapter:** Jurgis Rudkus   – works at the steel mill, injured from trying to help a colleague Antanas- Jurgis’ child, dies Rich lady- provides a better lifestyle for Jurgis and the family. **Notable passages (including page number):** "He did not drink anything...by his angry demands." (247) "The men in these mills were all....he stared about him and marvelled." (251) "One morning as Jurgis was passing....was laid up for eight working days without any pay." (254)
 * Chapter Number 21- Sam **

Description:** Jurgis’s son Antanas is dead, and Jurgis cannot take it. Jurgis leaves home. He goes to the railway and hides on the train until he reaches the country. Jurgis goes through a lot emotionally and he decides that too is going to fight back. Jurgis is no longer going to let himself feel. The country reminds Jurgis of home and he is happy to be there. He beings to wander looking for food and shelter and many times he is offered work. Jurgis always turns down because there is no guarantee. Jurgis becomes a “tramp” and beings to find others like him. Farmers are in desperate need of hands and work comes easy meaning money is not scarce. He wastes his money on alcohol and feels terrible about himself.
 * Chapter 22

“He was fighting for his life; he gnashed his teeth together in his desperation. He had been a fool, a fool! He had wasted his life, he had wrecked himself with this accursed weakness, and now he was done with it- he would tear it out of him, root and branch! There should be no more tears and no more tenderness, he had enough of them- they sold him into slavery! Now he was going to be free, to tear off his shackles, to rise up and fight. He was glad the end had come- it had to come some time, and it was just as wall now” (pg 226).
 * Notable Passages:**

“…from now on he was fighting, and the man who hit him would get all the he gave, every time” (pg 228).

“To a man whose whole life had consisted of doing one certain thing all day, until he was so exhausted that could only lie down and sleep until the next day- and to be now his own master, working as he please and when he pleased, and facing a new adventure every hour!” (pg 231)

“But Jurgis was a homeless man, wandering over a continent, and what did he know about banking and drafts and letters of credit? If he carried the money about with him, he would surely be robes in the end, and so what was there for him to do but enjoy it while he could… He nodded to her, and she came and sat by him, and they had more drink, and then he went upstairs into a room with her, and the wild beast rose up within him and screamed, as it has screamed in the jungle from the dawn of time” (pg 233).

“On the contrary, try as he would, Jurgis could not help being made miserable by his own conscience. It was the ghost that would not down. It would come upon him in the most unexpected places…” (pg 234). Jurgis cannot find a job anywhere this winter, and he has to really work for warmth in saloons. He runs into drunken Freddie Jones, son of “Jones the packer” where Jurgis’s first job was in Packingtown. Freddie buys Jurgis dinner, and gives Jurgis 100 dollars to pay the cab, and tells him to keep the change. Jurgis is thrilled by this lucky encounter, and when he is sleeping at Freddie’s house, Hamilton, the butler, orders him to leave. Hamilton then threatens to search Jurgis, so Jurgis just leaves. Freddie Jones Jurgis Hamilton “ After this fashion the young gentleman continued to prattle on- and meantime Jurgis was trembling with excitement. He might grab that wad of bills and be out of sight in the darkness before the other could collect his wits. Should he do it? What better had he to hope for, if he waited longer? But Jurgis had never committed a crime in his life, and now he hesitated half a second to long.” (250) “ They went up the great stair case, one step at a time; at the top of it there gleamed at them out of the shadows the figure of a nymph crouching by a fountain, a figure ravishingly beautiful, the flesh warm and glowing with the hues of life.” (255)
 * Chapter 24 **
 * Summary: **
 * Characters: **
 * Quotes: **

Chapter 23 Summary

Jurgis returns home to Chicago and finds a job digging tunnels for trains. The job paid him well and had a bit of money extra to spare. However, he did not spend the money wisely. He used the extra money to spend it on liquor. Unfortunately, Jurgis breaks his arm at work by falling branches on his shoulder which made him knock against a concrete wall by a train. He is hospitalized during Christmas and unable to maintain his job due to his broken arm. When released from the hospital, he was unfortunate enough to be released in the coldest days of winter. He sells tolls for extra money and like most other bums in the streets; he attends a church revival in order to keep himself warm.

Notable passages (including page number): “Jurgis spent his Christmas in the hospital… and gangs of railroad laborers.” Pg. 241 Description:** Jurgis didn't know how he should cash his $100 bill; he went into a bar to ask the bartender for change, even though he was hesitant in doing so. The bartender tells Jurgis that he has to buy a drink to recieve the change, so Jurgis buys a beer and the bartender only gives Jurgis 95 cents in change. Jurgis is outraged and demands the rest of his $99 dollars back, but the bartender plays dumb with Jurgis and acts as though he recieved a $1 bill. Jurgis lunges at the bartender and hits him. The police arrive at the scene and the bartender explains his story, the policement arrested Jurgis and he was sent to trial. He was found guilty. At jail, Jurgis sees his old friend Jack Duane. Duane and Jurgis come to the agreement that after they got out of prison they would lead the life of crime. Jurgis finds out that the life of crime is a pretty good job. Duane and Jurgis were able to steal over $100 dollars from one man's coat, resulting in a $50 dollar profit for Jurgis. ) Jurgis gains a positive reputation from a man named Buck Halloran who was a politcal "worker", and was on the inside of things. Duane's unsuccessful attempt at robbing a safe led to Jurgis's encounter with Bush Harper, who would introduce Jurgis to Mike Scully, the Democratic boss of the stockyards. Scully then tells Jurgis to join a union and help promote the Republican party (Scully and the Republicans had an allied pact). Jurgis gets a job as a hog trimmer, a job that he would used to die for, and he is very successful at promoting the republican ideas. The repuiblican candidate is elected and Jurgis gets a bonus.
 * Chapter 25

Bush Harper: Mike Scully's right hand man, he introduced Jurgis to Scully. Mike Scully: A democrat, he cheated the elections and got the republicans to win the vote; a very wealthy man
 * Characters:**

"he went straight to Jack Duane. He went full of humility and gratitude; for Duane was a gentleman, and a man with a profession--and it was remarkable that he should be willing to throw in his lot with a humble workingman, one who had even been a beggar and a tramp" (305).
 * Notable Passages:**

"His assailant had hit him too hard, and he was suffering from concussion of the brain; and also he had been half-frozen when found, and would lose three fingers of his right hand. The enterprising newspaper reporter had taken all this information to his family, and tolf how they had recieved it. Since it was Jurgis's first experience, these details naturally caused him some worriment; but the other laughed cooly--it was the way of the game, and there was no helping it" (307).

"'Still,' said Jurgis, reflectively, 'he never did us any harm.' 'He was doing it to somebody as hard as he could, you can be sure of that,' said his friend" (308).

"All these agencies of corruption were banded together, and leagued in blood brotherhood with the politician and the police; more often than not they were one and the same person--the police captain would own the brothel he pretended to raid, and the politician would hopen his headquarters in his saloon" (309).

"A month ago Jurgis had all but perished of starvation upon the streets; and now suddenly, as by the gift of a magic key, he had entered into a world where money and all the good things of life came freely" (310).

"And so Jurgis marched into the hog-killing room, a place where, in the days gone by, he had come begging for a job. Now he walked jauntily, and smiled to himself, seeing the frown that came to the boss's face as the time-keeper said, 'My. Harmon says to put this man on.' It would overcrowd his department and spoil the record he was trying to make--buy he said not a word except 'All right'" (319).

"Nearly every one else in Packingtown did the same, however, for there was universal exultation over this triumph of popular government, this crushing defeat of an arrogant plutocrat by the power of the common people" (321). **Brief description of the plot:** Jurgis keeps his job in Packingtown. In May, the unions and the packers clash and a huge strike begins. Scully denounces the packers in the papers, so Jurgis asks for another job while he strikes with the rest. Scully tells him to be a ‘scab’ and make as much as he can out of it. Jurgis argues for a wage of three dollars a day and receives it(only to realize he could’ve gotten more). Jurgis is offered a position as a boss on the killing beds. The packers are desperate to provide fresh meat in order to keep public opinion from turning against them. Jurgis receives a higher wage and the promise that he will have the job after the strike. Nevertheless, the packers feel pressure from the public to settle. They reach an agreement with the union, but the packers break their promise to not discriminate against union leaders. So, the workers return to striking. During the events that follow, Jurgis comes face to face with Phil Connor in Packingtown. Without thinking, he attacks Connor. Jurgis calls Harper from his jail cell only to discover that Connor is one of Scully’s favorites. Harper can do nothing for him except get his bail lowered. He advises Jurgis to leave town. Jurgis pays his bail, which leaves him with less than four dollars, and he travels to the other end of Chicago. **Characters in the Chapter:** Jurgis Rudkus   – becomes a scab during the strike and receives better pay and a higher position at the slaughter house. Beats Conno and is forced to skip town. Phil Connor- Ona’s molester, Jurgis beats him again Harper- Jurgis’ friend who helps him out as much as possible when he goes to jail. Mike Scully- a democrat, rather wealthy and powerful friend of Jurgis’. **Notable passages (including page number):** “So Jurgis became one of the new ‘American Heroes’… and rushed out to serve him” (268). “You went out of hear like cattle, and like cattle you’ll come back!” (273) “The ‘Union Stockyards’ were never a pleasant place… and screamed in convulsions of terror and remorse” (275).
 * Chapter Number 26- Sam **

Jurgis cannot find work, and when the strike ends it becomes even more difficult as there are more men searching for jobs. When he does finally get a job, he is too weak to hold onto it. He wanders, searching for a place to stay, when he runs into an old friend. She knows where Marjia is and points Jurgis in her direction. As soon as he arrives, the police come in force, as Marjia is living in a brothel. She explains to Jurgis that she is making good money and can support the family. Jurgis, however, is ashamed and demoralized. Marjia also reveals that rats killed Stanislovas. The police round up everyone in the brothel and Jurgis spends another night in jail.
 * Chapter 27**
 * Description:**

“There is one kind of prison where the man is behind bars, and everything that he desires is outside, and there is another kind where the things are behind the bars, and the man is outside” (pg 301).
 * Notable Passages:**

“He had by this time divined what sort of a place he was in, and he had seen a great deal of the world since he had left home, and was not east to shock- and yet it gave him a painful start that Marjia should do this. They had always been decent people at home, and it seemed to him that the memory of old times ought to have ruled her. But then he laughed at himself for a fool. What we he, to be pretending to decency!” (pg 309).

“Jurgis had looked into the deepest reaches of the social pit, and grown used to the sights in them. Yet when he had thought of all humanity as vile and hideous, he had somehow always excepted his own family, that he loved, and now this sudden horrible discovery- Marjia a whore, and Elzbetia and the children living off her shame!” (pg 312-313).

“All these emotions had become strangers to the soul of Jurgis; it was so long since they had troubled him again…Their voices would die, and never again would he hear them- and so the last faint spark of manhood in his soul would flicker out” (pg 313-314).

Chapter 28 Summary

Madame Polly pays for the prostitutes’ fines along wit Marija’s and are set free. Jurgy is also able to go without any penalty because he was only there to look for his sister. When he is left with Marija, he discovers that she is a morphine addict just like the rest of the girls but it wasn’t because they had a choice to be so however, they were made so. Jurgis also discovers that the women there are made to remain in protestation due to the Madame’s manipulations. She kept them in debt and addicted to drugs in order for the women to stay there. The money they made a night was usually taken from them to pay for it even for stuff they never received or even heard of. Jurgis, on the other hand, is offered to stay with them but he is nervous to see how they would react to him leaving them. He decides to find a job first then go with them but is unsuccessful to find one. He eats lunch with the quarter given to him and walks around during the night. While walking, he stumbles into a hall where the socialists are having a meeting. He remains inattentive until the people around him, calling him “comrade,” advice him that he’ll find it interesting if he was to pay attention. In doing so, he finds the speech amazing and finds himself caught up listening to it. He found that the socialists share the same interests and sufferings therefore being able to connect with them and finds it fit to be one of them.

Characters in the Chapter: Madame Polly Marija

Notable passages (including page number): “Save! Good lord, no!... so the children can go to school.” Pg.315 Jurgis is at a rally and talks to the socialist speak Ostrinksi, and learns all about the sociliast movement. Ostrinski also speaks Lithuanian, and directs Jurgis to his home, and they discuss all the hardships and pain they have encountered in their lifetimes. Ostrinski explains the socialist view, for example that there are two economic classes in their society, the small privileged private class and the large poverty class. Ostrinki discusses that people aren’t completely aware of the two economic classes, and they need to understand the reality of the situation. Ostrinski refers to socialism as the new religion of humanity. Jurgis Ostrinski “Jurgis waited outside and walked home with Marija. The police had left the house, and already there were a few visitors; by evening the place would be running again, exactly as if nothing had happened.” (314) “The speaker paused. There was an instant silence, while men caught their breaths, and then like a single sound there came a cry from a thousand people. Through it all Jurgis sat still, motionless and rigid, his eyes fixed upon the speaker; he was trembling, smitten with wonder.” (323)
 * Chapter 29 **
 * Summary: **
 * Characters: **
 * Quotes: **

Description:** After having breakfast with Ostrinski, he went home to Elzbieta to tell her about Socialism. She said that she would go to a meeting with him now and then. Jurgis then went around looking for work at a hotel, and he recieves a job as a porter from a man named Tommy Hinds. Hinds is a fellow Socialist, and Hinds is ecstatic when he finds out that Jurgis is a socialist. Hinds refers to Jurgis as "Comrade" and he talks about the greatness of socialism. When Hinds would talk to others about Socialism, he would often be near Jurgis, and he would ask Jurgis to talk about his previous jobs in the meat industry; describing the most gruesome details. Hinds explains that the Beef Trust is different than all the other trusts because it defies the Railroad Trust, which runs most of America (according to Hinds). Jurgis would try to learn more about Socialism by reading newspapers such as the //Appeal// which talked about the comical, and serious issues surrounding socialism.
 * Chapter 30

Tommy Hinds: Jurgis's new boss at the hotel, a fellow Comrade in Socialism. He loves to talk and spread the ideals of Socialism.
 * Characters:**

"you would understand that the power which really governs the United States today is the Railroad Trust. It is the Railroad Trust that runs your state government, wherever you live, and that runs the United States Senate. And all of the trusts that we have named are railroad trusts--save only the Beef Trust! The Beef Trust has defied the railroads--it is plundering them day by day through private car; and so the public is roused to fury, and the papers clamor for action, and the government goes on the warpath! And you poor common people watch and applaud the job, and think it's all done for you, and never dream that it is really the grand climax of the century-long battle of commercial competition--the final death-grapple between the chiefs of the Beef Trust and Standard OPil, for the prize of the mastery and ownership of the United States of America!" (393-394).
 * Notable Passages:**

"It was quite marvelous to see what a difference twelve months had made in Packingtown--the eyes of the people were getting opened! The Socialists were literally sweeping everything before them that election, and Scully and the Cook County machine were at their wits' end for an 'issue'" (401). “Jurgis scrubbed the spittoons … and resolution on the morrow” (323). “It was a process of economic evolution… and the Socialist movement was the expression of their will to survive” (326).